Posts with Comments by Mike McK
Split brains, autism and schizophrenia
There are some things that are not immediately apparent.
Such a translocation can result in transcript fusions between genes on each side of the breaks. This is notable in some cancers. Given the original version is such mutation and generates the phenotypes as a +/translocation heterozygote there might well be a gain-of-function phenotype.
Alternatively it could be a haplo-insufficiency.
Is it know if there are deletion or early stop codon mutations in disc1 that give the same array of phenotypes shown in the original translocation allele?
Sexual orientation – in the genes?
In mammals there are two prenatal or perinatal testosterone surges in males but not females. The first of these follows the differentiation of the gonad as a testis early in development. This burst guides external genitalia and internal plumbing as male.
The second burst occurs around the time of birth. This is associated with the survival of a significant sets of neurons that normally die in females, and with increased dentritic arbors in males relative to females. Oddly, this testosterone is first converted into estrogen that is used to signal the nerve cell precursors to live and/or increase the number of dendrites. Tests of adding estrogen or testosterone to perinatal females (mice) leads to masculinization of behavior in the females and castrated pups.
This shares some similarities with some behavioral pathways in Drosophila. In flies the basic sexual behavior pathways are largely genetic. It appears that a significant fraction of the neurons involved in sex-specific behaviors actively transcribe a sex-focused promoter for the fruitless gene. In males this is spliced in a way that generates a set of four proteins differing in C-terminal Zn-finger cassettes. In females, an alternative splicing pathway yields an apparently non-functional transcript. In females, a number of these cells die while they are spared in males.
SI on the White Athlete
There are a few wide receivers in the NFL who are white. Notably the Patriots played Wes Welker for the last three years with great success. He is a niche player - small, agile, smart, reads defenses well, with good hands - but he complements Brady and Moss quite well. When Welker got hurt at the end of the season, he was replaced with Julian Edelman who is slightly bigger, but also smart and a very good runner.
There also seems to be a decrease in the number of black QBs, especially as passing schemes get more complicated and timing based. One thing about Blind Side is that in addition to the Michael Oher story, there is a significant analysis of the economic and on field themes you expect from the author of Money Ball. It appears that good decision making and passing well trumps quarterback running skills under the current systems.
Offensive lines also are relatively pale. It will be interesting to see how Oher works out when they move him to left tackle. He obviously has the physical tools and that may be enough, but if getting to the QB is essential, somebody may work really hard to find schemes he hasn't seen.
No one believes genes affect personality
I am the father of twins (boy and girl). One of the first things I noticed about them was that they had individual personalities from the very start. I did not have to wait for another round of children, although my third is also distinct in interests and personality from both of his older sibs.
It was a glorious thing to realize from the beginning that their personalities are not my fault.
When the kids were in a rather progressive, cooperative nursery school, my wife became very ticked off about the mothers with one child, a girl. They were so sanctimonious about how 'naughty' the boys were, including our sons. It was wonderful when these women had a boy as kid number two.
It was a glorious thing to realize from the beginning that their personalities are not my fault.
When the kids were in a rather progressive, cooperative nursery school, my wife became very ticked off about the mothers with one child, a girl. They were so sanctimonious about how 'naughty' the boys were, including our sons. It was wonderful when these women had a boy as kid number two.
An education bubble? Data from the explosion of AP tests
With kids who graduated high school in 2000 and 2008, I know that the high IQ students with ambition take a lot of AP courses or JC courses in high school than when I was in high school.
Looking at the graphs, it seems that the number of tests taken has gone up by about 6 fold, while the tests per high school student has gone up about 4 fold. While the numbers have gone up, the fraction of students scoring 5s or 4s has not changed. Either the pool of people who have the ability and work ethic to score at that level has expanded, or those who have the ability are just taking more tests.
I would bet it is a mixture of the two. I'm slightly older than Steve, but my high school did not offer AP classes, nor did our cross town rival, but some of us did manage to take a course (usually just one) at the local JC. Now, the number of schools offering APs has increased substantially, opening the AP option in both challenging courses, Calc, Chem, Physics, and some less demanding courses.
The additional courses make it possible for ambitious students to take multiple courses without leaving campus. For some, AP courses are the only option for intellectual challenge. The glut of the kinds of courses that are less demanding are running up the number of courses available to the less able as well. (Steve even has suggested a list of AP exams to take w/o having taken the course). Cheap tuition units for those with less challenging college majors.
Note the decline in the fraction of 3s and 4s being made up for by a rise in 5s from about 10% to about 20%. This may be assignable to Jay Mathews. After my older kids graduated from high school, the district when on a Jay Mathews binge, bringing in more AP classes and 'encouraging' students to take the tests. That is probably a factor in the increase in 5s. Indeed, I have been told by a very good teacher who saw the data, a significant number of students, knowing they got a GPA boost from taking the course and exam, just put their names on the test and didn't even bother to take the test seriously.
Looking at the graphs, it seems that the number of tests taken has gone up by about 6 fold, while the tests per high school student has gone up about 4 fold. While the numbers have gone up, the fraction of students scoring 5s or 4s has not changed. Either the pool of people who have the ability and work ethic to score at that level has expanded, or those who have the ability are just taking more tests.
I would bet it is a mixture of the two. I'm slightly older than Steve, but my high school did not offer AP classes, nor did our cross town rival, but some of us did manage to take a course (usually just one) at the local JC. Now, the number of schools offering APs has increased substantially, opening the AP option in both challenging courses, Calc, Chem, Physics, and some less demanding courses.
The additional courses make it possible for ambitious students to take multiple courses without leaving campus. For some, AP courses are the only option for intellectual challenge. The glut of the kinds of courses that are less demanding are running up the number of courses available to the less able as well. (Steve even has suggested a list of AP exams to take w/o having taken the course). Cheap tuition units for those with less challenging college majors.
Note the decline in the fraction of 3s and 4s being made up for by a rise in 5s from about 10% to about 20%. This may be assignable to Jay Mathews. After my older kids graduated from high school, the district when on a Jay Mathews binge, bringing in more AP classes and 'encouraging' students to take the tests. That is probably a factor in the increase in 5s. Indeed, I have been told by a very good teacher who saw the data, a significant number of students, knowing they got a GPA boost from taking the course and exam, just put their names on the test and didn't even bother to take the test seriously.
Fat people on flights
Airlines are now charging for extra bags, some even for any bags. Soon they will charge for luggage by the bag or by the pound. This drives people to cart ever larger, and more irritating to the rest of us,luggage into the cabin. My wife and I have pondered the idea of just weighing passengers + checked luggage + carry on for a total weight fee. That is the relevant cost to the airline for fuel etc. Since they barely serve food, the only other cost is fee for staff. That could just be the base price for a person of 0 lbs.

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